建立設(shè)備質(zhì)量管理體系

Establishing the system of equipment quality management

⑴ 建立設(shè)備管理組織

The establishment of equipment management organization

設(shè)備管理組織有質(zhì)量管理部門、技術(shù)部門和支持服務(wù)部門構(gòu)成。根據(jù)設(shè)備管理工作的特點(diǎn)、范圍和工作量，確定管理人員、核查人員、操作人員和服務(wù)人員的職責(zé)、權(quán)力與相互關(guān)系，使各項(xiàng)管理職能分解落實(shí)到相關(guān)部門、相關(guān)崗位，盡量做到職責(zé)清晰，分工明確。

The equipment management organization is composed of the quality management department, the technical department and the support service department. According to the characteristics of equipment management, the scope of work and work, determine the managers, inspectors, operators and service personnel responsibilities, powers and mutual relations, so that the management function decomposition to the relevant departments, the relevant posts, try to make clear responsibility, clear division of labor.

⑵ 制定設(shè)備管理程序

The development of equipment management program

設(shè)備管理程序是檢測(cè)機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)行設(shè)備管理的途徑。通過(guò)建立相應(yīng)的程序文件，明確設(shè)備管理活動(dòng)的過(guò)程、步驟、內(nèi)容和所有環(huán)節(jié)，使各項(xiàng)工作都有章可循。

The equipment management program is the way to implement the equipment management of the inspection organization.  Through the establishment of the corresponding procedures, clear equipment management process, steps, contents and all the links, so that the work of rule-based.

⑶ 編寫設(shè)備作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書

The preparation of equipment operating instructions

設(shè)備作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書是指導(dǎo)檢測(cè)人員操作設(shè)備的規(guī)范性文件。一般設(shè)備可按照說(shuō)明書操作，大型、復(fù)雜的儀器或操作人員流動(dòng)性大、性能不穩(wěn)定的設(shè)備需編寫作業(yè)指導(dǎo)書或操作規(guī)程。

The equipment work instruction is a standard document that guides the inspectors' operating equipment. General equipment can operate in accordance with instructions. Large and complex instruments or operators with large fluidity and unstable performance need to write operation instructions or operation rules.

健全設(shè)備質(zhì)量管理制度

Improving the system of equipment quality management

⑴ 評(píng)審制度

The evaluation system

評(píng)審是添置或處置設(shè)備的一項(xiàng)前期工作，主要從設(shè)備的適應(yīng)性、可靠性、經(jīng)濟(jì)性、安全性、維護(hù)性等方面綜合分析，目的是為了合理配置設(shè)備資源，發(fā)揮設(shè)備的最佳效益。對(duì)于大型、貴重、精密的儀器需進(jìn)行可行性認(rèn)證，達(dá)到技術(shù)上先進(jìn)，性能上可靠，工作上需要，經(jīng)濟(jì)上合理;對(duì)于租借、維修、淘汰的設(shè)備，以及小型或輔助設(shè)備，應(yīng)進(jìn)行必要的評(píng)審。

Review is a preliminary work for acquiring or disposing equipment, mainly from the aspects of adaptability, reliability, economy, safety and maintainability of equipment, so as to rationally configure equipment resources and give full play to the best benefits of equipment. For large, valuable and precise instruments, we need to carry out feasibility certification, which is technically advanced, reliable in performance, and economically reasonable in operation. For rental, repair and elimination of equipment, and small or auxiliary equipment, we should make necessary reviews.

⑵ 驗(yàn)收制度

The approval system

驗(yàn)收是保證添置或維修的設(shè)備正常運(yùn)行的一個(gè)重要手段。儀器設(shè)備的開箱拆封應(yīng)在設(shè)備管理員、操作人員、供應(yīng)人員等有關(guān)人員都在場(chǎng)時(shí)進(jìn)行，驗(yàn)收過(guò)程中，應(yīng)對(duì)設(shè)備評(píng)審要求、訂貨合同和裝箱清單，逐一清點(diǎn)，并做好記錄。對(duì)于大型、精密的儀器設(shè)備，安裝調(diào)試后，還應(yīng)通過(guò)一定時(shí)期(合同期內(nèi))的試運(yùn)行，根據(jù)實(shí)際運(yùn)行效果和各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)測(cè)試結(jié)論，確認(rèn)無(wú)質(zhì)量問(wèn)題方可驗(yàn)收。儀器設(shè)備經(jīng)驗(yàn)收后方可辦理移交手續(xù)，交付使用。

Acceptance is an important means to ensure the normal operation of the equipment that has been added or maintained. Instrument and equipment out of the box should be opened in the presence of all the equipment administrator and operator, supply personnel and other relevant personnel, approval process, deal with equipment requirements, contract review and packing list, one by one count, and record. For large and precise instruments and equipment, after installation and commissioning, it is also necessary to confirm that no quality problems can be checked according to the actual operation results and the test results of various indicators through a trial run in a certain period (within the contract period). After acceptance of the instrument and equipment, the handover procedure can be handled and the equipment can be delivered and used.

⑶ 使用制度

The use of the system

為延長(zhǎng)設(shè)備的使用壽命，充分發(fā)揮其作用，必須建立設(shè)備使用制度，對(duì)人員、工作環(huán)境、設(shè)施條件、維修、保養(yǎng)等提出明確要求做作出規(guī)定。

In order to extend the service life of the equipment and give full play to its role, we must establish a system for the use of equipment, and make clear rules for personnel, working environment, facilities, maintenance and so on.

⑷ 記錄制度

The recording system

記錄是建立完整的設(shè)備檔案，保證設(shè)備正常運(yùn)銷的一項(xiàng)基礎(chǔ)工作，對(duì)設(shè)備管理的責(zé)任落實(shí)、制度執(zhí)行及管理程序的運(yùn)行和完善都很重要。每臺(tái)設(shè)備從計(jì)劃選購(gòu)到淘汰都應(yīng)保持完整的記錄，內(nèi)容除一般性設(shè)備檔案外，還應(yīng)設(shè)備購(gòu)置、檢定、維護(hù)的計(jì)劃，論證意見或報(bào)告，調(diào)試驗(yàn)收?qǐng)?bào)告，設(shè)備使用和校準(zhǔn)記錄，儀器故障和維修記錄，運(yùn)行狀況，性能變化，異常現(xiàn)象及整改情況等。

Record is a basic work for establishing complete equipment archives and ensuring the normal operation and sale of equipment. It is very important for the implementation of the responsibility of equipment management, the implementation of system and the operation and improvement of management procedures. Each device should be eliminated from the purchase plan to maintain the integrity of the records, in addition to the general equipment archives, should also be the purchase of equipment, test, maintenance plans, opinions or reports, commissioning acceptance report, equipment use and calibration records, equipment failure and maintenance records, operation status, performance changes, and abnormal phenomenon rectification etc..

⑸ 核查制度

The verification system

核查是證實(shí)設(shè)備符合技術(shù)規(guī)范，避免影響檢測(cè)結(jié)果的一項(xiàng)重要舉措。操作人員在使用儀器前后，應(yīng)按照技術(shù)規(guī)程和說(shuō)明書，采取自校、比對(duì)等方法，校準(zhǔn)主要性能參數(shù)，保證儀器的準(zhǔn)確度和量程范圍符合要求。質(zhì)量管理組應(yīng)定期檢查設(shè)備的使用、記錄等情況，對(duì)新購(gòu)置或租借的設(shè)備、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)檢測(cè)使用的設(shè)備、使用頻繁或漂移較大的設(shè)備，應(yīng)制定核查程序，使設(shè)備保持良好的工作狀態(tài)。

Verification is an important measure to verify that the equipment meets the technical specifications and avoids the impact of the test results. Before and after using the instrument, the operator should calibrate the main performance parameters according to the technical regulations and instructions, and calibrate the main performance parameters, so as to ensure the accuracy and range of the instrument meet the requirements. The quality management group should regularly check the use and record of equipment. The verification procedures should be made for new purchased or leased equipment, on-site testing equipment and frequent or drifting equipment, so that the equipment can maintain good working condition.